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543 lines
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Markdown
543 lines
No EOL
12 KiB
Markdown
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# errors
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import "github.com/juju/errors"
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[](https://godoc.org/github.com/juju/errors)
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The juju/errors provides an easy way to annotate errors without losing the
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orginal error context.
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The exported `New` and `Errorf` functions are designed to replace the
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`errors.New` and `fmt.Errorf` functions respectively. The same underlying
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error is there, but the package also records the location at which the error
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was created.
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A primary use case for this library is to add extra context any time an
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error is returned from a function.
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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return err
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}
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This instead becomes:
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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return errors.Trace(err)
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}
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which just records the file and line number of the Trace call, or
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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return errors.Annotate(err, "more context")
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}
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which also adds an annotation to the error.
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When you want to check to see if an error is of a particular type, a helper
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function is normally exported by the package that returned the error, like the
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`os` package does. The underlying cause of the error is available using the
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`Cause` function.
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os.IsNotExist(errors.Cause(err))
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The result of the `Error()` call on an annotated error is the annotations joined
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with colons, then the result of the `Error()` method for the underlying error
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that was the cause.
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err := errors.Errorf("original")
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err = errors.Annotatef(err, "context")
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err = errors.Annotatef(err, "more context")
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err.Error() -> "more context: context: original"
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Obviously recording the file, line and functions is not very useful if you
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cannot get them back out again.
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errors.ErrorStack(err)
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will return something like:
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first error
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:193:
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:194: annotation
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:195:
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:196: more context
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:197:
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The first error was generated by an external system, so there was no location
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associated. The second, fourth, and last lines were generated with Trace calls,
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and the other two through Annotate.
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Sometimes when responding to an error you want to return a more specific error
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for the situation.
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if err := FindField(field); err != nil {
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return errors.Wrap(err, errors.NotFoundf(field))
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}
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This returns an error where the complete error stack is still available, and
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`errors.Cause()` will return the `NotFound` error.
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## func AlreadyExistsf
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``` go
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func AlreadyExistsf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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AlreadyExistsf returns an error which satisfies IsAlreadyExists().
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## func Annotate
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``` go
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func Annotate(other error, message string) error
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```
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Annotate is used to add extra context to an existing error. The location of
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the Annotate call is recorded with the annotations. The file, line and
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function are also recorded.
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For example:
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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return errors.Annotate(err, "failed to frombulate")
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}
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## func Annotatef
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``` go
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func Annotatef(other error, format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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Annotatef is used to add extra context to an existing error. The location of
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the Annotate call is recorded with the annotations. The file, line and
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function are also recorded.
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For example:
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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return errors.Annotatef(err, "failed to frombulate the %s", arg)
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}
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## func Cause
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``` go
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func Cause(err error) error
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```
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Cause returns the cause of the given error. This will be either the
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original error, or the result of a Wrap or Mask call.
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Cause is the usual way to diagnose errors that may have been wrapped by
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the other errors functions.
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## func DeferredAnnotatef
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``` go
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func DeferredAnnotatef(err *error, format string, args ...interface{})
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```
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DeferredAnnotatef annotates the given error (when it is not nil) with the given
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format string and arguments (like fmt.Sprintf). If *err is nil, DeferredAnnotatef
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does nothing. This method is used in a defer statement in order to annotate any
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resulting error with the same message.
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For example:
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defer DeferredAnnotatef(&err, "failed to frombulate the %s", arg)
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## func Details
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``` go
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func Details(err error) string
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```
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Details returns information about the stack of errors wrapped by err, in
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the format:
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[{filename:99: error one} {otherfile:55: cause of error one}]
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This is a terse alternative to ErrorStack as it returns a single line.
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## func ErrorStack
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``` go
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func ErrorStack(err error) string
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```
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ErrorStack returns a string representation of the annotated error. If the
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error passed as the parameter is not an annotated error, the result is
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simply the result of the Error() method on that error.
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If the error is an annotated error, a multi-line string is returned where
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each line represents one entry in the annotation stack. The full filename
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from the call stack is used in the output.
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first error
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:193:
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:194: annotation
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:195:
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:196: more context
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github.com/juju/errors/annotation_test.go:197:
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## func Errorf
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``` go
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func Errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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Errorf creates a new annotated error and records the location that the
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error is created. This should be a drop in replacement for fmt.Errorf.
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For example:
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return errors.Errorf("validation failed: %s", message)
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## func IsAlreadyExists
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``` go
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func IsAlreadyExists(err error) bool
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```
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IsAlreadyExists reports whether the error was created with
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AlreadyExistsf() or NewAlreadyExists().
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## func IsNotFound
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``` go
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func IsNotFound(err error) bool
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```
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IsNotFound reports whether err was created with NotFoundf() or
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NewNotFound().
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## func IsNotImplemented
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``` go
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func IsNotImplemented(err error) bool
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```
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IsNotImplemented reports whether err was created with
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NotImplementedf() or NewNotImplemented().
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## func IsNotSupported
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``` go
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func IsNotSupported(err error) bool
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```
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IsNotSupported reports whether the error was created with
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NotSupportedf() or NewNotSupported().
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## func IsNotValid
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``` go
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func IsNotValid(err error) bool
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```
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IsNotValid reports whether the error was created with NotValidf() or
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NewNotValid().
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## func IsUnauthorized
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``` go
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func IsUnauthorized(err error) bool
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```
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IsUnauthorized reports whether err was created with Unauthorizedf() or
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NewUnauthorized().
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## func Mask
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``` go
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func Mask(other error) error
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```
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Mask hides the underlying error type, and records the location of the masking.
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## func Maskf
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``` go
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func Maskf(other error, format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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Mask masks the given error with the given format string and arguments (like
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fmt.Sprintf), returning a new error that maintains the error stack, but
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hides the underlying error type. The error string still contains the full
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annotations. If you want to hide the annotations, call Wrap.
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## func New
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``` go
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func New(message string) error
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```
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New is a drop in replacement for the standard libary errors module that records
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the location that the error is created.
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For example:
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return errors.New("validation failed")
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## func NewAlreadyExists
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``` go
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func NewAlreadyExists(err error, msg string) error
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```
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NewAlreadyExists returns an error which wraps err and satisfies
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IsAlreadyExists().
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## func NewNotFound
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``` go
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func NewNotFound(err error, msg string) error
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```
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NewNotFound returns an error which wraps err that satisfies
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IsNotFound().
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## func NewNotImplemented
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``` go
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func NewNotImplemented(err error, msg string) error
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```
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NewNotImplemented returns an error which wraps err and satisfies
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IsNotImplemented().
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## func NewNotSupported
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``` go
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func NewNotSupported(err error, msg string) error
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```
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NewNotSupported returns an error which wraps err and satisfies
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IsNotSupported().
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## func NewNotValid
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``` go
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func NewNotValid(err error, msg string) error
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```
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NewNotValid returns an error which wraps err and satisfies IsNotValid().
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## func NewUnauthorized
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``` go
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func NewUnauthorized(err error, msg string) error
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```
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NewUnauthorized returns an error which wraps err and satisfies
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IsUnauthorized().
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## func NotFoundf
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``` go
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func NotFoundf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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NotFoundf returns an error which satisfies IsNotFound().
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## func NotImplementedf
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``` go
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func NotImplementedf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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NotImplementedf returns an error which satisfies IsNotImplemented().
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## func NotSupportedf
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``` go
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func NotSupportedf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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NotSupportedf returns an error which satisfies IsNotSupported().
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## func NotValidf
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``` go
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func NotValidf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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NotValidf returns an error which satisfies IsNotValid().
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## func Trace
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``` go
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func Trace(other error) error
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```
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Trace adds the location of the Trace call to the stack. The Cause of the
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resulting error is the same as the error parameter. If the other error is
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nil, the result will be nil.
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For example:
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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return errors.Trace(err)
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}
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## func Unauthorizedf
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``` go
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func Unauthorizedf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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Unauthorizedf returns an error which satisfies IsUnauthorized().
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## func Forbiddenf
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``` go
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func Forbiddenf(format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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Forbiddenf returns an error which satisfies IsForbidden().
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## func Wrap
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``` go
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func Wrap(other, newDescriptive error) error
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```
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Wrap changes the Cause of the error. The location of the Wrap call is also
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stored in the error stack.
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For example:
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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newErr := &packageError{"more context", private_value}
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return errors.Wrap(err, newErr)
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}
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## func Wrapf
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``` go
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func Wrapf(other, newDescriptive error, format string, args ...interface{}) error
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```
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Wrapf changes the Cause of the error, and adds an annotation. The location
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of the Wrap call is also stored in the error stack.
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For example:
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if err := SomeFunc(); err != nil {
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return errors.Wrapf(err, simpleErrorType, "invalid value %q", value)
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}
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## type Err
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``` go
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type Err struct {
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// contains filtered or unexported fields
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}
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```
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Err holds a description of an error along with information about
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where the error was created.
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It may be embedded in custom error types to add extra information that
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this errors package can understand.
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### func NewErr
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``` go
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func NewErr(format string, args ...interface{}) Err
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```
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NewErr is used to return an Err for the purpose of embedding in other
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structures. The location is not specified, and needs to be set with a call
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to SetLocation.
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For example:
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type FooError struct {
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errors.Err
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code int
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}
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func NewFooError(code int) error {
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err := &FooError{errors.NewErr("foo"), code}
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err.SetLocation(1)
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return err
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}
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### func (\*Err) Cause
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``` go
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func (e *Err) Cause() error
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```
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The Cause of an error is the most recent error in the error stack that
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meets one of these criteria: the original error that was raised; the new
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error that was passed into the Wrap function; the most recently masked
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error; or nil if the error itself is considered the Cause. Normally this
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method is not invoked directly, but instead through the Cause stand alone
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function.
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### func (\*Err) Error
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``` go
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func (e *Err) Error() string
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```
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Error implements error.Error.
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### func (\*Err) Location
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``` go
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func (e *Err) Location() (filename string, line int)
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```
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Location is the file and line of where the error was most recently
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created or annotated.
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### func (\*Err) Message
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``` go
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func (e *Err) Message() string
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```
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Message returns the message stored with the most recent location. This is
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the empty string if the most recent call was Trace, or the message stored
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with Annotate or Mask.
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### func (\*Err) SetLocation
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``` go
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func (e *Err) SetLocation(callDepth int)
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```
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SetLocation records the source location of the error at callDepth stack
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frames above the call.
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### func (\*Err) StackTrace
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``` go
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func (e *Err) StackTrace() []string
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```
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StackTrace returns one string for each location recorded in the stack of
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errors. The first value is the originating error, with a line for each
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other annotation or tracing of the error.
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### func (\*Err) Underlying
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``` go
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func (e *Err) Underlying() error
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```
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Underlying returns the previous error in the error stack, if any. A client
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should not ever really call this method. It is used to build the error
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stack and should not be introspected by client calls. Or more
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specifically, clients should not depend on anything but the `Cause` of an
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error.
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- - -
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Generated by [godoc2md](http://godoc.org/github.com/davecheney/godoc2md) |