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75 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
75 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
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Persistent variables shell
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==========================
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Environment variables are a per process thing. So something needs to store the
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state to disk and load it in to it's environment and pass that environment on to
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it's child processes.
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This is generally done by the shell, I don't think there is a cross shell way to
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tell a shell to persist an environment variable to it's configuration.
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https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables
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## Persistent environment variables
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The names of environment variables are case sensitive.
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It is a common practice to name all environment variables with only English
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capital letters and underscore (_) signs.
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Note: The shell techniques explained in the following sections apply to the
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Bourne Shell family of command line shells, which includes sh, ksh, and bash,
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which is the default shell shipped with Ubuntu. The commands may be different on
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other shells such as csh.
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### System-wide environment variables
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Environment variable settings that affect the system as a whole (rather than
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just a particular user) should not be placed in any of the many system-level
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scripts that get executed when the system or the desktop session are loaded, but
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into
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/etc/environment - This file is specifically meant for system-wide
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environment variable settings. It is not a script file, but rather consists
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of assignment expressions, one per line. Specifically, this file stores the
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system-wide locale and path settings.
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Note: Any variables added to these locations will not be reflected when invoking
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them with a sudo command, as sudo has a default policy of resetting the
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Environment and setting a secure path (this behavior is defined in
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/etc/sudoers). As a workaround, you can use "sudo su" that will provide a shell
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with root privileges but retaining any modified PATH variables.
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Note: When dealing with end-user/home desktop systems may be appropriate to
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place settings in the user's ~/.pam_environment files discussed above rather
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than the system-wide ones, since those files do not require one to utilize root
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privileges in order to edit and are easily moved between systems.
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Note: Some systems now use an envvar.sh placed in the /etc/profile.d/ directory
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to set system wide environment strings.
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### Session-wide environment variables
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Environment variable settings that should affect just a particular user (rather
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than the system as a whole) should be set into:
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~/.pam_environment - This file is specifically meant for setting a user's
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environment. It is not a script file, but rather consists of assignment
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expressions, one per line.
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PATH DEFAULT=${PATH}:${HOME}/MyPrograms
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Note: Using .pam_environment requires a re-login in order to initialize the
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variables. Restarting just the terminal is not sufficient to be able to use the
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variables.
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If you are using KDE, see http://userbase.kde.org/Session_Environment_Variables/en
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## Windows
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http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310519
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