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82 lines
3.1 KiB
Go
82 lines
3.1 KiB
Go
// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
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// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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/*
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Package bpf implements marshaling and unmarshaling of programs for the
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Berkeley Packet Filter virtual machine, and provides a Go implementation
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of the virtual machine.
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BPF's main use is to specify a packet filter for network taps, so that
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the kernel doesn't have to expensively copy every packet it sees to
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userspace. However, it's been repurposed to other areas where running
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user code in-kernel is needed. For example, Linux's seccomp uses BPF
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to apply security policies to system calls. For simplicity, this
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documentation refers only to packets, but other uses of BPF have their
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own data payloads.
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BPF programs run in a restricted virtual machine. It has almost no
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access to kernel functions, and while conditional branches are
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allowed, they can only jump forwards, to guarantee that there are no
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infinite loops.
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The virtual machine
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The BPF VM is an accumulator machine. Its main register, called
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register A, is an implicit source and destination in all arithmetic
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and logic operations. The machine also has 16 scratch registers for
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temporary storage, and an indirection register (register X) for
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indirect memory access. All registers are 32 bits wide.
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Each run of a BPF program is given one packet, which is placed in the
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VM's read-only "main memory". LoadAbsolute and LoadIndirect
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instructions can fetch up to 32 bits at a time into register A for
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examination.
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The goal of a BPF program is to produce and return a verdict (uint32),
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which tells the kernel what to do with the packet. In the context of
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packet filtering, the returned value is the number of bytes of the
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packet to forward to userspace, or 0 to ignore the packet. Other
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contexts like seccomp define their own return values.
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In order to simplify programs, attempts to read past the end of the
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packet terminate the program execution with a verdict of 0 (ignore
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packet). This means that the vast majority of BPF programs don't need
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to do any explicit bounds checking.
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In addition to the bytes of the packet, some BPF programs have access
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to extensions, which are essentially calls to kernel utility
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functions. Currently, the only extensions supported by this package
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are the Linux packet filter extensions.
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Examples
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This packet filter selects all ARP packets.
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bpf.Assemble([]bpf.Instruction{
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// Load "EtherType" field from the ethernet header.
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bpf.LoadAbsolute{Off: 12, Size: 2},
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// Skip over the next instruction if EtherType is not ARP.
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bpf.JumpIf{Cond: bpf.JumpNotEqual, Val: 0x0806, SkipTrue: 1},
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// Verdict is "send up to 4k of the packet to userspace."
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bpf.RetConstant{Val: 4096},
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// Verdict is "ignore packet."
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bpf.RetConstant{Val: 0},
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})
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This packet filter captures a random 1% sample of traffic.
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bpf.Assemble([]bpf.Instruction{
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// Get a 32-bit random number from the Linux kernel.
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bpf.LoadExtension{Num: bpf.ExtRand},
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// 1% dice roll?
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bpf.JumpIf{Cond: bpf.JumpLessThan, Val: 2^32/100, SkipFalse: 1},
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// Capture.
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bpf.RetConstant{Val: 4096},
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// Ignore.
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bpf.RetConstant{Val: 0},
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})
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*/
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package bpf // import "golang.org/x/net/bpf"
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